Nicholas’ son, the crown prince, Alexei, was born with hemophilia. World War I catastrophes and Rasputin’s reputation erode Nicholas’ public support And he struggled to maintain a civil relationship with the Duma, the representative branch of the Russian government. His government massacred nearly 100 unarmed protesters during a peaceful assembly in 1905. He fought a war the people weren’t behind. Throughout his reign, Nicholas faced growing discontent from his subjects. It was a disturbing beginning to Nicholas’ reign, and his bungled response earned him the nickname “Nicholas the Bloody.” They had gathered on a large field in Moscow to receive coronation gifts and souvenirs, but the day ended in tragedy. A few days after his coronation in 1894, nearly 1,400 of his subjects died during a huge stampede. He forbade anyone within the Russian Empire to speak non-Russian languages (even those in places like Poland), cracked down on the freedom of the press, and weakened his people’s political institutions.Īs a result, Nicholas inherited a restless Russia. A strict autocrat, Alexander believed that a czar had to rule with an iron fist. But Alexander did not adequately prepare his son to rule a Russia that was wracked with political turmoil. The eldest son of Emperor Alexander III, Nicholas was his father’s designated heir. The roots of the Romanov family’s murder can be found in the earliest days of Nicholas’ reign.
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